Course programme
PAPER I RESEARCH METHODOLOGY THEORY AND TECHNIQUES UNIT - I Research: Definition, Importance and Meaning of research, Characteristics of research, Types of Research, Steps in research, Identification, Selection and formulation of research problem, Research questions – Research design – Formulation of Hypo Dissertation, Review of Literature. UNIT – II Sampling techniques: Sampling theory, types of sampling – Steps in sampling – Sampling and Non-sampling error – Sample size – Advantages and limitations of sampling. Collection of Data: Primary Data – Meaning – Data Collection methods – Secondary data – Meaning – Relevances, limitations and cautions. UNIT – III Statistics in Research – Measure of Central tendency, Dispersion, Skewness and Kurtosis in research, Hypo Dissertation, Fundamentals of Hypo Dissertation testing, Standard Error, Point and Interval estimates, Important Non-Parametric tests: Sign, Run, Kruskal, Wallis tests and Mann, Whitney test. UNIT – IV Para metric tests: Testing of significance, mean, Proportion, Variance and Correlation, testing for Significance of difference between means, proportions, variances and correlation co-efficient. Chi-square tests, ANOVA, One-way and Two-way. UNIT– V Research Report: Types of reports, contents, styles of reporting, Steps in drafting reports, editing the final draft, evaluating the final draft. Reference Books: 1. Statistical Methods - S.P. Gupta 2. Research Methodology Methods and Techniques - C.R. Kothari 3. Statistics (Theory and Practice) - B.N. Gupta 4. Research Methodology Methods and Statistical Techniques - Santosh Gupta PAPER-II GIS AND REMOTE SENSING GIS Unit-I Concepts and Definitions: - Geographic Information Systems (GIS): Definition and developments - Spatial data base: Points, Lines and Polygons - Computer components: Hardware and software Functional Elements: - Data acquisition, input, editing, data manipulation and topology creation - Data analysis and query - Symbolisation and product generation Unit-II Data Management and Structure: - Data Base Management System (DBMS): Purpose and structure - Classification: Raster, Vector, quadtree, hierarchical, network and relational Artificial Intelligence and Neural Networks: - Artificial intelligence: history, major issues, approaches and pattern recognition. - Artificial neural network: Definition, taxonomy and multi-layer perceptions Remote Sensing Unit-III Introduction to remote sensing: Energy and radiation principles, energy-atmosphere interaction, energy-earth surface features interaction, spectral signatures. Resolution of Remote Sensing data: Spatial, spectral, radiometric and temporal. Unit-II Remote sensing types: Natural, technology assisted, active, passive, photographic, nonphotographic, etc. Type of aerial photographs and satellite imageries: Classification, characteristics and applications. Sensor Platforms: Ground based, air borne and space borne, earth resources satellite systems: LANDSAT, SPOT, IRS, ERS, IKONOS, etc. Unit-IV Image errors due to tilt, relief, optical distortions, image restoration and rectification. Photogrammetry: Simple geometry of vertical photograph measurement of scale, height, and slope from the vertical photographs. Unit-V Digital image processing: Introduction to image processing system: hardware and software, GPS and its use in the selection of training sets and field verification of interpreted data. References: Aronoff, S. : Geographic Information Systems: A Management Perspective, WDL Publications Ottawa,Canada, 1992. ESRI : Understanding GIS, Environmental Systems Research Institute, U.S.A., 1993. Jefrey S. & John, E. : Geographic Information Systems - An Introduction, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 1990. Michael F. Goodchild : Introduction to GIS, Santa Barbara, California, & Karan K. Kemp (eds.) NGGIA, 1990. American Society : Manual of Remote Sensing, Vol. 1 and II, Falls Church, of Photogrammetry Virginia, 1975. Barret, E.C. & Curtis, E.F. : Remote Sensing of Environment, Second Edition, 1982. Curran, Paul J. : Principles of Remote Sensing, Longman, Hongkong, 1988. Jensen, J.R. : Introductory Digital Image Processing: A Remote Sensing Perspective, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1986. PAPER-III ENVIRONMENT GEOGRAPHY Unit-I Climatic and Biotic Hazards 1. Concept of hazards and disaster. Natural gmsi- natural and man-made hazards 2. Seasonal Climatic hazards: Flood, and drought- mechanism, environmental impact and management 3. Occasional climatic hazards: Hailstones and tornadoes- mechanism, environmental impact and management 4. Biotic hazards: Deforestation and loss of bio-diversity-impact and conservation of biotic resources Unit- II Other Terrestrial Hazards in the Indian Sub-continent 1. Edaphic hazards: Salinization and Desertification- Mechanism, impact an management 2. Geomorphic hazards: Landslide, River bank erosion and Coastal erosion—mechanism, impact and management 3. Tectonic hazards: Earthquake—impact and precautionary measures 4. Water related hazards: Contamination of ground water and fall of piezometric level Unit- III Human Development in the Third World 1. Concept of development and under development: Basic indicators of economic development 2. Economic disparity as constraint of development: per capita income, purchasing power and standard of living 3. Poverty: Poverty line, Unemployment, Dependency ratio, Work participation and Poverty alleviation 4. Economic impact of globalization Unit- IV Human Development in the Third World 1. Basic indicators of human and gender development 2. Social inequality as constraint of development: caste and religious fundamentalism; gender bias 3. Demographic constraint; Population growth. Malnutrition. Food security and Hunger. Morbidity and Mortality 4. Sustainable development 5.Figures in the parentheses indicate number classes required Unit- V 1. Environment-development debate: Environmental movements: Chipko, Silent valley & Narmada Bachao Andolan. 2. Environmental ethics; Concept of Sustainable Development. PAPER-IV DISSERTATION