Philosophy revision

Note - if asked, it is easier to contrast Catholic/Protestant views than Christian/Moslem. Give the Catholic teaching as "anti abortion" and Protestant/Moslem as "accepting abortion." Note - if......

Morality Absolute morality Relative morality Religious sources Non- religious sources How people decide what is right and wrong Unchanging morality Changes according to the situation Sacred......

Utilitarianism (Classical) Utilitarianism; in line with the theory that humans are hedonistic (automatically seek pleasure) says that morally; we should seek to produce the greatest happiness for......

Divine Characteristics The concept of God by most philosophers is compatible with the main world religions and their concepts of God Singular - One God, otherwise finite as bounded by another......

SOCIOLOGY Durkheim (elementary forms of religious life) - "If religion has given birth to all that is essential in society, it is because the idea of society is the soul of religion." Durkheim......

that the slightest philosophy would require an individual to give up this theory. It is worth noting that to the ordinary man this is how they think perception works......

The Soul The Problem Whether the mind and body are one of the same nature (monistic view) or whether they have two natures (dualistic view). What therefore happens when we die? Dualism This is......

Meditation I Things which can be called into Doubt Descartes rejects all his beliefs about the external world because they are doubtful and he wants to find a foundation that is indubitable to fix......

IMPRESSIONS & IDEAS Perceptions of the mind: There is a difference between an actual experience and the memory of that experience. Memories of the experience are less strong - "The most lively......

Laws In order to decide what laws the country should have, we must decide on what our goals our. Different ideologies will have different goals in mind. Examples: Liberalism will attempt to......

The state is a political entity, which claims control over a people and a geographical area. It usually contains a set of institutions that claim an authority, and help decide the laws that......

Doubt We often make claims to knowledge - "I know that's my stolen hat" When our knowledge is challenged we seek ways to justify it; appealing to further beliefs Sometimes we make mistakes - "I......

Critically Discuss the Simile of the Large and Powerful Animal as an Argument Against Democracy. The parable of the large and powerful animal serves as a critique against Athenian democracy and......

What is knowledge? Tripartite Definition: Justified True Belief What is it? In order know y: x must believe y x must be sufficiently justified in believing y Y must be true All of above are......

Naïve/ Common Sense/ Direct Realism What is it? There is an external world/ objects in the world cause our sense perceptions we learn of the world through our sense Things are as they......

Contrast between Plato Plato believed that empirical knowledge is merely opinion and that it is unreliable since the world is in a contast state of flux. He also believed that the soul was separate......

Idealism Briefly explain the view that what is perceived immediately are ideas, which exist only in the mind. Idealism can easily be said to evolve and improve on indirect realism. The theory......

First Meditation - About the Things We May Doubt Aims of his Meditations "To begin afresh from the foundations and... establish something firm and constant in the sciences." (p1) Descartes......

Wittgenstein he said that obviousness of context of use was related to ambiguity of meaning "don't ask for the meaning, ask for the use of the word" Pierre Macherey "silence reveals speech unless......

Free Will and Determinism One objection to a scientific study of human beings is that human beings do not act according to such laws because we have free will Libertarians - believe in free will......