Fundamentals of Linux

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1. Course Introduction

Course Objectives Course Overview

Using the Workbook Suggested References

2. Getting Started

What is UNIX?

A Brief History of UNIX Linux

The Toolkit Philosophy Linux Distributions

Free Software and Open Source

Movements Logging In

Logging Out

Try a Few More Commands Changing Your Password

Online Documentation – man Pages Online Documentation – info Pages

3. The File System – Files

What is a File?

The ls Command The cat Command

The more and less Commands The head and tail Commands

Copy, Rename, and Delete: cp, mv, rm File Names

Working with MS-DOS Disks: mtools

4. The File System – Directories

Hierarchical File System Pathnames

pwd and cd – Navigating Directories

mkdir and rmdir – Managing Directories

The cp Command (again) – Copy Files

5. Text Editors Linux Text Editors The pico Editor The Nedit Editor

The Emacs Text Editor

The vi Text Editor Family

6. Editing With vi

What is vi?

Getting Started – vi Buffering

Command Mode and Insert Mode Getting Started

Moving the Cursor Around Inserting Text

Deleting a Character or Line Undo Last Command Opening a New Line

Save Your Work or Abort the Session Review of vi Commands

7. Personal Utilities

The date Utility The bc Utility The cal Utility The id Utility

The uname Utility The script Utility The clear Utility

The crontab Utility

8. Text Handling Utilities

The grep Utility The tr Utility

The cut Utility The sort Utility The wc Utility The diff Utility

Two Useful Directory Names – . and ..

9. File System Security

File Permissions

The chmod Utility

Directory Permissions The umask Command

The chown, chgrp, and su Commands

10. File System Management Utilities

The find Utility The df Utility The du Utility

Compressing Files The ln Utility

The ulimit Utility The tar Utility

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11. Communication Utilities

The write and talk Utilities The mesg Utility Mail Overview The mail Utility

Other Email Options

IRC: Internet Relay Chat

12. Networking Utilities

Remote Login with telnet

Remote File Transfer with ftp Secure Login with ssh

Secure File Transfer with scp

Text-Based Web Access with lynx Web Access with wget Web Access with curl

13. Using the Shell

What is a Shell?

The Command Line

Standard Input, Standard Output, and

Standard Error

Using Default Standard In and Standard

Output

I/O Redirection

I/O Redirection – Examples

I/O Redirection – Warning Appending Output of a File Pipes

The tee Utility

14. Filename Generation

Filename Generation

The ? Special Character The * Special Character The [] Special Characters

The ! Special Character

15. Processes What is a Process?

Process Structure The ps Utility

Options to the ps Utility

Background Commands (&) Killing Background Processes Redirecting the Standard Error

16. Shell Programming Concepts

What is a Shell? Which Shell?

What is a Shell Script? Why Use Shell Scripts?

17. Flow Control

The Exit Status of Commands Command Line Examples The test Command

The if-then-else Construct The elif Construct A Loop Example

18. Variables

User Created Variables The read Command

The Shell Environment The export Command Subshells

Command Substitution Quoting Mechanisms Shell Arithmetic

Assigning Variables – Summary

19. Special Variables

Command-Line Arguments $# – Number of Arguments The shift Command $* – All Arguments $$ – PID of Shell

20. More Flow Control

The for Loop

The while Loop

The case Construct

21. X Windows and Desktops

The X Window System Using X

Window Managers and Desktops The Gnome Desktop The KDE Desktop

Applications: The GIMP Applications: OpenOffice

Applications: Web Browsers

22. Appendix A – More Editing with vi

Scrolling the Buffer

Cursor Motion Commands – w, W, b, B, e, E

Cursor Motion Commands – $, ^, 0, G Cursor Motion Commands – f, t, F, T Delete Operator – d Change Operator – c Yank Operator – y

Put Commands – p, P

Searching for a Pattern – /, n, N,? The Join Command

The file Command – :f Edit File Command – :e

Cut and Paste Between Files Read File Command – :r Set Options Command

Set Options Command – .exrc file

23. Appendix B – Bash Shell Features

Viewing Your Command History

Editing and Re-executing Commands Aliases