Oracle Database 12c: Introduction to SQL

Course Outline.

Introduction to Oracle Database

• List the features of Oracle Database 12c
• Discuss the basic design, theoretical, and physical aspects of a relational database
• Categorize the different types of SQL statements
• Describe the data set used by the course
• Log on to the database using SQL Developer environment
• Save queries to files and use script files in SQL Developer

Retrieve Data using the SQL SELECT Statement

• List the capabilities of SQL SELECT statements
• Generate a report of data from the output of a basic SELECT statement
• Select All Columns
• Select Specific Columns
• Use Column Heading Defaults
• Use Arithmetic Operators
• Understand Operator Precedence
• Learn the DESCRIBE command to display the table structure

Learn to Restrict and Sort Data

• Write queries that contain a WHERE clause to limit the output retrieved
• List the comparison operators and logical operators that are used in a WHERE clause
• Describe the rules of precedence for comparison and logical operators
• Use character string literals in the WHERE clause
• Write queries that contain an ORDER BY clause to sort the output of a SELECT statement
• Sort output in descending and ascending order

Usage of Single-Row Functions to Customize Output

• Describe the differences between single row and multiple row functions
• Manipulate strings with character function in the SELECT and WHERE clauses
• Manipulate numbers with the ROUND, TRUNC, and MOD functions
• Perform arithmetic with date data
• Manipulate dates with the DATE functions

Invoke Conversion Functions and Conditional Expressions

• Describe implicit and explicit data type conversion
• Use the TO_CHAR, TO_NUMBER, and TO_DATE conversion functions
• Nest multiple functions
• Apply the NVL, NULLIF, and COALESCE functions to data
• Use conditional IF THEN ELSE logic in a SELECT statement

Aggregate Data Using the Group Functions

• Use the aggregation functions to produce meaningful reports
• Divide the retrieved data in groups by using the GROUP BY clause
• Exclude groups of data by using the HAVING clause

Display Data From Multiple Tables Using Joins

• Write SELECT statements to access data from more than one table
• View data that generally does not meet a join condition by using outer joins
• Join a table to itself by using a self join

Use Sub-queries to Solve Queries

• Describe the types of problem that sub-queries can solve
• Define sub-queries
• List the types of sub-queries
• Write single-row and multiple-row sub-queries

The SET Operators

• Describe the SET operators
• Use a SET operator to combine multiple queries into a single query
• Control the order of rows returned

Data Manipulation Statements

• Describe each DML statement
• Insert rows into a table
• Change rows in a table by the UPDATE statement
• Delete rows from a table with the DELETE statement
• Save and discard changes with the COMMIT and ROLLBACK statements
• Explain read consistency

Use of DDL Statements to Create and Manage Tables

• Categorize the main database objects
• Review the table structure
• List the data types available for columns
• Create a simple table
• Decipher how constraints can be created at table creation
• Describe how schema objects work

Other Schema Objects

• Create a simple and complex view
• Retrieve data from views
• Create, maintain, and use sequences
• Create and maintain indexes
• Create private and public synonyms

Control User Access

• Differentiate system privileges from object privileges
• Create Users
• Grant System Privileges
• Create and Grant Privileges to a Role
• Change Your Password
• Grant Object Privileges
• How to pass on privileges?
• Revoke Object Privileges

Management of Schema Objects

• Add, Modify, and Drop a Column
• Add, Drop, and Defer a Constraint
• How to enable and Disable a Constraint?
• Create and Remove Indexes
• Create a Function-Based Index
• Perform Flashback Operations
• Create an External Table by Using ORACLE_LOADER and by Using ORACLE_DATAPUMP
• Query External Tables

Manage Objects with Data Dictionary Views

• Explain the data dictionary
• Use the Dictionary Views
• USER_OBJECTS and ALL_OBJECTS Views
• Table and Column Information
• Query the dictionary views for constraint information
• Query the dictionary views for view, sequence, index and synonym information
• Add a comment to a table
• Query the dictionary views for comment information

Manipulate Large Data Sets

• Use Subqueries to Manipulate Data
• Retrieve Data Using a Subquery as Source
• Insert Using a Subquery as a Target
• Usage of the WITH CHECK OPTION Keyword on DML Statements
• List the types of Multitable INSERT Statements
• Use Multitable INSERT Statements
• Merge rows in a table
• Track Changes in Data over a period of time

Data Management in different Time Zones

• Time Zones
• CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, and LOCALTIMESTAMP
• Compare Date and Time in a Session's Time Zone
• DBTIMEZONE and SESSIONTIMEZONE
• Difference between DATE and TIMESTAMP
• INTERVAL Data Types
• Use EXTRACT, TZ_OFFSET and FROM_TZ
• Invoke TO_TIMESTAMP,TO_YMINTERVAL and TO_DSINTERVAL

Retrieve Data Using Sub-queries

• Multiple-Column Subqueries
• Pairwise and Nonpairwise Comparison
• Scalar Subquery Expressions
• Solve problems with Correlated Subqueries
• Update and Delete Rows Using Correlated Subqueries
• The EXISTS and NOT EXISTS operators
• Invoke the WITH clause
• The Recursive WITH clause