Programming with C#

The goal of this course is to provide students with the knowledge and skills they need to develop C# applications for the Microsoft .NET Platform. The course focuses on C# program structure, language syntax, and implementation details.
C# was created to be the programming language best suited for writing enterprise applications for .NET. C# combines the high productivity of Microsoft Visual Basic with the raw power of C++. It is a simple, object-oriented, and type-safe programming language that is based on the C and C++ family of languages.

Audience
This course is intended for experienced developers who already have programming experience in C, C++, Visual Basic, or Java. These developers will be likely to develop enterprise business solutions.

At Course Completion
At the end of the course, students will be able to:
· List the major elements of the .NET Framework and explain how C# fits into the .NET Platform.
· Analyze the basic structure of a C# application and be able to document, debug, compile, and run a simple application.
· Create, name, and assign values to variables.
· Use common statements to implement flow control, looping, and exception handling.
· Create methods (functions and subroutines) that can return values and take parameters.
· Create, initialize, and use arrays.
· Explain the basic concepts and terminology of object-oriented programming.
· Use common objects and reference types.
· Create, initialize, and destroy objects in a C# application.
· Build new C# classes from existing classes.
· Create self-contained classes and frameworks in a C# application.
· Define operators, use delegates, and add event specifications.
· Implement properties and indexers.
· Use predefined and custom attributes.

Prerequisites
Before attending this course, students must have:
· Experience with programming in C, C++, Visual Basic, Java, or another programming language.
· Familiarity with the Microsoft .NET strategy as described on the Microsoft .NET Web site:
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Microsoft Certified Professional Exams
There is no MCP exam associated with this course.

Student Materials
The student kit includes a comprehensive workbook and other necessary materials for this class.

Course Outline
Module 1: Overview of the Microsoft .NET Platform
Take a closer look: Download Sample Module 1 (Portable Document Format, 850 KB).
The following topics are covered in this module:
· Introduction to the .NET Platform
· Overview of the .NET Framework
· Benefits of the .NET Framework
· The .NET Framework Components
· Languages in the .NET Framework
After completing this module, you will be able to list the major elements of the .NET Framework and explain how the C# language fits into the .NET Platform. This includes:
· Describing the .NET Platform.
· Listing the main elements of the .NET Platform.
· Explaining the language support in the .NET Framework.
· Describing the .NET Framework and its components.

Module 2: Overview of C#
Take a closer look: Download Sample Module 2 (Portable Document Format, 953 KB).
The following topics are covered in this module:
· Structure of a C# Program
· Basic Input/Output Operations
· Recommended Practices
· Compiling, Running, and Debugging
After completing this module, you will be able to analyze the basic structure of a C# application and be able to document, debug, compile, and run a simple application. This includes:
· Explaining the structure of a simple C# program.
· Using the Console class of the System namespace to perform basic input/output operations.
· Handling exceptions in a C# program.
· Generating Extensible Markup Language (XML) documentation for a C# application.
· Compiling and executing a C# program.
· Using the Microsoft Visual Studio® Debugger to trace program execution.

Module 3: Using Value-Type Variables
The following topics are covered in this module:
· Common Type System
· Naming Variables
· Using Built-In Data Types
· Creating User-Defined Data Types
· Converting Data Types
After completing this module, you will be able to create, name, and assign values to variables. This includes:
· Describing the types of variables that you can use in C# applications.
· Naming your variables according to standard C# naming conventions.
· Declaring variables by using built-in data types.
· Assigning values to variables.
· Converting existing variables from one data type to another.
· Creating and using your own data types

Module 4: Statements and Exceptions
The following topics are covered in this module:
· Introduction to Statements
· Using Selection Statements
· Using Iteration Statements
· Using Jump Statements
· Handling Basic Exceptions
· Raising Exceptions
After completing this module, you will be able to use common statements to implement flow control, looping, and exception handling. This includes:
· Describing the different types of control statements.
· Using jump statements.
· Using selection statements.
· Using iteration statements.
· Handling and raising exceptions.

Module 5: Methods and Parameters
The following topics are covered in this module:
· Using Methods
· Using Parameters
· Using Overloaded Methods
After completing this module, you will be able to create methods (functions and subroutines) that can return values and take parameters. This includes:
· Creating static methods that accept parameters and return values.
· Passing parameters to methods in different ways.
· Declaring and using overloaded methods.

Module 6: Arrays
The following topics are covered in this module:
· Overview of Arrays
· Creating Arrays
· Using Arrays
After completing this module, you will be able to create, initialize, and use arrays. This includes:
· Creating, initializing, and using arrays of varying rank.
· Using command-line arguments in a C# program.
· Describing the relationship between an array variable and an array instance.
· Using arrays as parameters for methods.
· Returning arrays from methods.

Module 7: Essentials of Object-Oriented Programming
The following topics are covered in this module:
· Classes and Objects
· Using Encapsulation
· C# and Object Orientation
· Defining Object-Oriented Systems
After completing this module, you will be able to explain the basic concepts and terminology of object-oriented programming. This includes:
· Defining the terms object and class in the context of object-oriented programming.
· Describing the three core aspects of an object: identity, state, and behavior.
· Describing abstraction and how it helps you to create reusable classes that are easy to maintain.
· Using encapsulation to combine methods and data in a single class and enforce abstraction.
· Explaining the concepts of inheritance and polymorphism.
· Creating and using classes in C#.

Module 8: Using Reference-Type Variables
The following topics are covered in this module:
· Using Reference-Type Variables
· Using Common Reference Types
· The Object Hierarchy
· Namespaces in the .NET Framework
· Data Conversions
After completing this module, you will be able to use common objects and reference types. This includes:
· Describing the key differences between reference types and value types.
· Using common reference types such as string.
· Explaining how the object type works and becoming familiar with the methods it supplies.
· Describing common namespaces in the .NET Framework.
· Determining whether different types and objects are compatible.
· Explicitly and implicitly converting data types between reference types.
· Performing boxing and unboxing conversions between reference and value data.

Module 9: Creating and Destroying Objects
The following topics are covered in this module:
· Using Constructors
· Initializing Data
· Objects and Memory
· Resource Managements
After completing this module, you will be able to create, initialize, and destroy objects in a C# application. This includes:
· Using constructors to initialize objects.
· Creating overloaded constructors that can accept varying parameters.
· Describing the lifetime of an object and what happens when it is destroyed.
· Creating destructors and using Finalizemethods .

Module 10: Inheritance in C#
The following topics are covered in this module:
· Deriving Classes
· Implementing Methods
· Using Sealed Classes
· Using Interfaces
· Using Abstract Classes
After completing this module, you will be able to build new C# classes from existing classes. This includes:
· Deriving a new class from a base class and calling members and constructors of the base class from the derived class.
· Declaring methods as virtual and override or hiding them as required.
· Sealing a class so that it cannot be derived from.
· Implementing interfaces by using both the implicit and explicit methods.
· Describing the use of abstract classes and their implementation of interfaces

Module 11: Aggregation, Namespaces, and Advanced Scope
The following topics are covered in this module:
· Using Internal Classes, Methods, and Data
· Using Aggregation
· Using Namespaces
· Using Modules and Assemblies
After completing this module, you will be able to create self-contained classes and frameworks in a C# application. This includes:
· Using internal access to allow classes to have privileged access to each other.
· Using aggregation to implement powerful patterns such as Factories.
· Using namespaces to organize classes.
· Creating simple modules and assemblies.

Module 12: Operators and Events
The following topics are covered in this module:
· Introduction to Operators
· Operator Overloading
· Creating and Using Delegates
· Defining and Using Events
After completing this module, you will be able to define operators, use delegates, and add event specifications. This includes:
· Defining operators to make a class or struct easier to use.
· Using delegates to decouple a method call from a method implementation.
· Adding event specifications to a class to allow subscribing classes to be notified of changes in object state.

Module 13: Properties and Indexers
The following topics are covered in this module:
· Using Properties
· Using Indexers
After completing this module, you will be able to implement properties and indexers. This includes:
· Creating properties to encapsulate data within a class.
· Defining indexers to gain access to classes by using array-like notation.

Module 14: Attributes
The following topics are covered in this module:
· Overview of Attributes
· Defining Custom Attributes
· Retrieving Attribute Values
After completing this module, you will be able to use predefined and custom attributes. This includes:
· Using common predefined attributes.
· Creating simple custom attributes.
· Querying attribute information at run time.