Telecommunications antenna course

An antenna, in telecommunications, is an electrical device capable of transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic waves. Their use is widespread in radio links, in dedicated radio communications (e.g. air and naval navigation, walkie-talkies, etc.), in wireless networks on user terminals and base stations (WLAN, cellular networks, etc.), in broadcasting infrastructures. and television broadcasting both terrestrial and satellite, in all remote sensing applications with active sensors and in radar applications. Such equipments provide the receiver with an electrical signal proportional to the electromagnetic field in which they are immersed, or vice versa they radiate, in the form of an electromagnetic field, the electrical signal supplied to them by a transmitter. They are therefore those devices or subsystems that make telecommunications possible, that is, remote communications that are not wired (wireless) through telecommunications systems. The antenna is an electrical component that allows, according to the law of Biot-Savart, (from the name of the French physicists Jean-Baptiste Biot and Félix Savart) the irradiation or reception of electromagnetic energy. The concept can be stated in simple terms: a time-varying electric current t passing through a conductor radiates an electric field from it, which in turn generates a magnetic field according to the mentioned law; if, on the other hand, a conductor is immersed in an electromagnetic field, due to the principle of reciprocity, an electric current that varies over time is induced in it according to the same law. The physical and mathematical description of electromagnetic irradiation by antennas makes use of concepts and tools typical of advanced electromagnetism.