Basic Geophysics - BGP

Introduction to rock mechanics and geomechanical principals; Basic mechanics: Stress and strain, elasticity - linear and non-linear effects, brittle and ductile rock behavior, poroelasticity, time-dependent-effects - consolidation and creep, normal and shear forces, hoop stresses, the Kirsch solution, 2-D and 3-D stress components, tensors, the stress ellipsoid, and basic rock failure (Mohr-Coulomb theory); Rock mechanical properties: Ability to bear stresses - compressive strength, tensile strength, deformation response to stresses - elastic moduli, Poisson's ratio; Pressure, stresses, and loads: Principal stresses, in-situ stress regime, total-stress and effective-stress, temperature effects, nature and origin of pore pressure; Geomechanics and structural geology: Faulting and folding, tectonics, regional structural analysis, regional and localized stress; Wellbore and field measurement of in-situ (earth) stresses: Stresses around boreholes, overburden stress, horizontal stresses, leakoff tests, mini-frac tests, formation testers, other pressure transient techniques, and tool deployment; Overview of common rock mechanics tests (lab demonstrations): unconfined compression, triaxial compression, hydrostatic compression, poly-axial, multi-stage triaxial, thick-walled cylinder, direct tensile strength, indirect (Brazilian) tensile strength, direct shear, uniaxial strain (compaction), and "quick look" (rock hardness) and "scratch" tests; Stress orientation techniques: Geological/mapping methods, wireline logging techniques, analastic strain recovery, differential strain curve analysis, acoustic anisotropy; Elastic, plastic, and viscous models of rock behavior: Deformation mechanisms and common models used in petroleum related rock mechanics; Borehole stability: Borehole stresses, wellbore placement, shale characterization, review of borehole stability models, high angle and horizontal drilling, pilot hole evaluation, multi-lateral wellbores, borehole breakouts, fluid-related instability, drilling through depleted zones and casing shoe decisions, stuck pipe, and case histories (software demonstration); Sand control: Review of sand production mechanisms, completion techniques in unstable formations, gravel pack design, special liners and screens, and case histories; Fracture mechanics: Naturally fractured reservoirs, hydraulic fracturing, stimulation options, and case history; Reservoir engineering applications: Compaction drive, reservoir compaction and compressibility, subsidence, casing shear, depletion and effective stress, and case history; Wireline log predicted mechanical properties: density logging, acoustic logging, Biot theory, dipole and multi-pole (dynamic) acoustic logging, seismic data and Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO), and shear- and compressional-wave anistropy (lab demonstration); Data integration

Reservoir fluid properties; Petroleum geology; Reservoir properties and evaluation; Unconventional resources; Exploration technology; Drilling engineering; Well completion, stimulation and workover; Well testing and formation damage; Production operations; Recovery methods; Surface processing

Minerals and rocks; Plate tectonics; Geological times; Weathering and erosion; Deposition; Diagenesis; Reservoirs; Structural geology and petroleum; Origin, migration, and trapping of petroleum

Geologic characteristics that impact field development; Appraisal: Determining recoverable hydrocarbons; Reservoir fluid properties and saturation; Influence of capillarity on hydrocarbon distribution and fluid contacts; Reserve and resource evaluation; Volumetric reserve estimation and calculation; Stratigraphic influence on field production; Depositional and digenetic controls on reservoir rock, barriers, and hydrocarbon distribution; Describing reservoir rock to understand reservoir behavior in carbonate and clastic rocks; Determining if hydrocarbons can be recovered from in a given field, what is pay; The impact of drive mechanism: aquifer characterization, distribution, and mapping; Seismic applications in appraisal and development; Development drilling: How to optimize hydrocarbon recovery; Economic impact on field development; Subdividing the reservoir into working units; Reservoir pore space configurations and mapping; Building a static reservoir model using deterministic and stochastic techniques; Key factors affecting the development of Fractured Reservoirs; Steps in building a geologic reservoir model; Impact on barriers on field development; Secondary and tertiary field development; Rejuvenating mature and marginal fields

Develop essential technical writing skills to convey a convincing message; Compose clear messages using a structured writing approach; Adapt your writing style to your audience's needs; Edit at the word level to improve persuasiveness and impact; Write precise and concise memos, letters, summaries, and reports; How to best display visual information; Create informative content using lists, bullets, and short paragraphs as the primary writing mode

Overview of flow assurance; PVT analysis and fluid properties; Steady state and transient multiphase flow modeling; Hydrate, paraffin and asphaltene control; Corrosion, erosion and sand control; Fluid property and phase behavior modeling; Equations of state; Fugacity and equilibrium; Viscosities of oils; Thermal modeling; Multiphase pressure boosting; Slugging: hydrodynamic, terrain induced & ramp up; Commissioning, start-up, and shutdown operations

Types of pumps, compressors, and drivers and their common applications and range of operations.; Evaluation and selection of pumps and compressors and their drivers for long-term efficient operations.; Unit and station configuration including multiple trains in series and/or parallel operations.; Integration with upstream and downstream process equipment, local and remote control systems, and facilities utilities.; Key auxiliary systems including monitoring equipment, heat exchangers, lube and seal systems, and fuel/power systems.; Major design, installation, operating, troubleshooting, and maintenance considerations.

Using fluid compositions as "natural tracers" for tracking fluid movement and compartmentalization; Understanding processes that cause compositional differences between fluids (e.g., differences in source facies, source maturity, biodegradation, water washing, evaporative fractionation, etc.); Integrating geochemical, geological, and engineering data to identify missed pay, characterize reservoir compartmentalization, allocate commingled production, identify well completion problems, predict fluid viscosity/gravity, and monitor floods; Basics of oil, water, gas and mud gas compositional analyses

Reservoir characteristics for horizontal and multilateral well applications; Well performance prediction; Wellbore stability of horizontal wells; Stress field effect on drilling, completion, production and stimulation; Geosteering; Multilateral well structure, junction and application; Formation damage and its effect on horizontal well performance; Well completion and its effect on horizontal and multilateral wells; Intelligent completion: downhole monitoring and control; Well trajectory and completion optimization; Horizontal well fracturing; Acidizing of horizontal wells; Other stimulation methods

Types of international petroleum contracts; Important principles and terms in all contracts; Host governments and contractors contract objectives; Specific features of different types of contracts; dividing the production; Outline of a typical contract for E&P; Contract operating issues; Funding petroleum development programs; How the contractor is paid; Contractor's risk; Contract economics; Non-financial issues; Analysis of contract provisions; Model contract; Natural gas production under international contracts; Negotiations workshop; Ethics in international petroleum operations

General Overview of Nodal Analysis: Supply/Demand analogies, natural balance and stable/unstable equilibrium concepts, diminishing returns, independent/dependent subsystems, converging/diverging flows; Inflow Performance: Reservoir performance basics, Darcy, Jones and Ramey turbulence parameters, empirical models of Vogel and Fetkovich, the benefits and drawbacks of well-test and C&N values, appropriate models for differing well descriptions, rigorous multi-layer IPR curves including crossflow effects; Completion Performance: Completion modeling basics, perforation and gravel pack pressure drop, linear and radial flow patterns through gravel packs, the pressure drop in a gravel-filled wellbore, optimal perforation density, the rate reduction caused by a partial completion; Tubing Performance: Wellbore related pressure drops and dynamics, videotapes of vertical and horizontal flow patterns, diverging and converging flow dynamics, route preference, production logging physics in deviated/horizontal wellbores, wellbore slugging and pressure behavior in vertical, deviated, and horizontal wellbores, friction drop through restrictions and undulating horizontal sections, sonic flow and minimum lifting rates concepts, unloading techniques and examples; Flowline Performance: Panhandle, C&S, Dukler pressure drop models, identifying bottlenecks in a gathering network, line loops and jumpers, circular/parallel/layered gathering systems; Future performance: Integrating reservoir performance, development planning, and market constraints into field forecasts, optimizing capital investments when juggling new well, re-completion, compressor, artificial lift, and flowline options; Artificial Lift: Advanced Gas lift design and troubleshooting, electric submersible pump fundamentals, jet pumps, and sucker rod pumping basics; Other: Designing dynamic kills (video tapes of kill operations), liquid content in gas streams, why there is no such thing as a "dry" gas well, identifying loaded wells, predicting wellbore temperatures and why publicly available bottomhole pressure data is almost always lower than reality

Introduction to rock mechanics and geomechanical principals; Basic mechanics: Stress and strain, elasticity - linear and non-linear effects, brittle and ductile rock behavior, poroelasticity, time-dependent-effects - consolidation and creep, normal and shear forces, hoop stresses, the Kirsch solution, 2-D and 3-D stress components, tensors, the stress ellipsoid, and basic rock failure (Mohr-Coulomb theory); Rock mechanical properties: Ability to bear stresses - compressive strength, tensile strength, deformation response to stresses - elastic moduli, Poisson's ratio; Pressure, stresses, and loads: Principal stresses, in-situ stress regime, total-stress and effective-stress, temperature effects, nature and origin of pore pressure; Geomechanics and structural geology: Faulting and folding, tectonics, regional structural analysis, regional and localized stress; Wellbore and field measurement of in-situ (earth) stresses: Stresses around boreholes, overburden stress, horizontal stresses, leakoff tests, mini-frac tests, formation testers, other pressure transient techniques, and tool deployment; Overview of common rock mechanics tests (lab demonstrations): unconfined compression, triaxial compression, hydrostatic compression, poly-axial, multi-stage triaxial, thick-walled cylinder, direct tensile strength, indirect (Brazilian) tensile strength, direct shear, uniaxial strain (compaction), and "quick look" (rock hardness) and "scratch" tests; Stress orientation techniques: Geological/mapping methods, wireline logging techniques, analastic strain recovery, differential strain curve analysis, acoustic anisotropy; Elastic, plastic, and viscous models of rock behavior: Deformation mechanisms and common models used in petroleum related rock mechanics; Borehole stability: Borehole stresses, wellbore placement, shale characterization, review of borehole stability models, high angle and horizontal drilling, pilot hole evaluation, multi-lateral wellbores, borehole breakouts, fluid-related instability, drilling through depleted zones and casing shoe decisions, stuck pipe, and case histories (software demonstration); Sand control: Review of sand production mechanisms, completion techniques in unstable formations, gravel pack design, special liners and screens, and case histories; Fracture mechanics: Naturally fractured reservoirs, hydraulic fracturing, stimulation options, and case history; Reservoir engineering applications: Compaction drive, reservoir compaction and compressibility, subsidence, casing shear, depletion and effective stress, and case history; Wireline log predicted mechanical properties: density logging, acoustic logging, Biot theory, dipole and multi-pole (dynamic) acoustic logging, seismic data and Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO), and shear- and compressional-wave anistropy (lab demonstration); Data integration

Reservoir fluid properties; Petroleum geology; Reservoir properties and evaluation; Unconventional resources; Exploration technology; Drilling engineering; Well completion, stimulation and workover; Well testing and formation damage; Production operations; Recovery methods; Surface processing

Minerals and rocks; Plate tectonics; Geological times; Weathering and erosion; Deposition; Diagenesis; Reservoirs; Structural geology and petroleum; Origin, migration, and trapping of petroleum

Geologic characteristics that impact field development; Appraisal: Determining recoverable hydrocarbons; Reservoir fluid properties and saturation; Influence of capillarity on hydrocarbon distribution and fluid contacts; Reserve and resource evaluation; Volumetric reserve estimation and calculation; Stratigraphic influence on field production; Depositional and digenetic controls on reservoir rock, barriers, and hydrocarbon distribution; Describing reservoir rock to understand reservoir behavior in carbonate and clastic rocks; Determining if hydrocarbons can be recovered from in a given field, what is pay; The impact of drive mechanism: aquifer characterization, distribution, and mapping; Seismic applications in appraisal and development; Development drilling: How to optimize hydrocarbon recovery; Economic impact on field development; Subdividing the reservoir into working units; Reservoir pore space configurations and mapping; Building a static reservoir model using deterministic and stochastic techniques; Key factors affecting the development of Fractured Reservoirs; Steps in building a geologic reservoir model; Impact on barriers on field development; Secondary and tertiary field development; Rejuvenating mature and marginal fields

Develop essential technical writing skills to convey a convincing message; Compose clear messages using a structured writing approach; Adapt your writing style to your audience's needs; Edit at the word level to improve persuasiveness and impact; Write precise and concise memos, letters, summaries, and reports; How to best display visual information; Create informative content using lists, bullets, and short paragraphs as the primary writing mode

Overview of flow assurance; PVT analysis and fluid properties; Steady state and transient multiphase flow modeling; Hydrate, paraffin and asphaltene control; Corrosion, erosion and sand control; Fluid property and phase behavior modeling; Equations of state; Fugacity and equilibrium; Viscosities of oils; Thermal modeling; Multiphase pressure boosting; Slugging: hydrodynamic, terrain induced & ramp up; Commissioning, start-up, and shutdown operations

Types of pumps, compressors, and drivers and their common applications and range of operations.; Evaluation and selection of pumps and compressors and their drivers for long-term efficient operations.; Unit and station configuration including multiple trains in series and/or parallel operations.; Integration with upstream and downstream process equipment, local and remote control systems, and facilities utilities.; Key auxiliary systems including monitoring equipment, heat exchangers, lube and seal systems, and fuel/power systems.; Major design, installation, operating, troubleshooting, and maintenance considerations.

Using fluid compositions as "natural tracers" for tracking fluid movement and compartmentalization; Understanding processes that cause compositional differences between fluids (e.g., differences in source facies, source maturity, biodegradation, water washing, evaporative fractionation, etc.); Integrating geochemical, geological, and engineering data to identify missed pay, characterize reservoir compartmentalization, allocate commingled production, identify well completion problems, predict fluid viscosity/gravity, and monitor floods; Basics of oil, water, gas and mud gas compositional analyses

Reservoir characteristics for horizontal and multilateral well applications; Well performance prediction; Wellbore stability of horizontal wells; Stress field effect on drilling, completion, production and stimulation; Geosteering; Multilateral well structure, junction and application; Formation damage and its effect on horizontal well performance; Well completion and its effect on horizontal and multilateral wells; Intelligent completion: downhole monitoring and control; Well trajectory and completion optimization; Horizontal well fracturing; Acidizing of horizontal wells; Other stimulation methods

Types of international petroleum contracts; Important principles and terms in all contracts; Host governments and contractors contract objectives; Specific features of different types of contracts; dividing the production; Outline of a typical contract for E&P; Contract operating issues; Funding petroleum development programs; How the contractor is paid; Contractor's risk; Contract economics; Non-financial issues; Analysis of contract provisions; Model contract; Natural gas production under international contracts; Negotiations workshop; Ethics in international petroleum operations

General Overview of Nodal Analysis: Supply/Demand analogies, natural balance and stable/unstable equilibrium concepts, diminishing returns, independent/dependent subsystems, converging/diverging flows; Inflow Performance: Reservoir performance basics, Darcy, Jones and Ramey turbulence parameters, empirical models of Vogel and Fetkovich, the benefits and drawbacks of well-test and C&N values, appropriate models for differing well descriptions, rigorous multi-layer IPR curves including crossflow effects; Completion Performance: Completion modeling basics, perforation and gravel pack pressure drop, linear and radial flow patterns through gravel packs, the pressure drop in a gravel-filled wellbore, optimal perforation density, the rate reduction caused by a partial completion; Tubing Performance: Wellbore related pressure drops and dynamics, videotapes of vertical and horizontal flow patterns, diverging and converging flow dynamics, route preference, production logging physics in deviated/horizontal wellbores, wellbore slugging and pressure behavior in vertical, deviated, and horizontal wellbores, friction drop through restrictions and undulating horizontal sections, sonic flow and minimum lifting rates concepts, unloading techniques and examples; Flowline Performance: Panhandle, C&S, Dukler pressure drop models, identifying bottlenecks in a gathering network, line loops and jumpers, circular/parallel/layered gathering systems; Future performance: Integrating reservoir performance, development planning, and market constraints into field forecasts, optimizing capital investments when juggling new well,...