Biochemistry III Plant Processes 100 Hours Certificate Course

There are 11 lessons:

1. Introduction
   • Introduction to Metabolism
   • Energy Transfer within the Cell - sources of energy, components of the cell, catabolic metabolism, anabolic metabolism, energy exchanges, free energy, enthalpy, entropy, energy transfers, ATP, Oxidation, enzyme catalysed reactions, coenzymes, hydrolysis, hydration reaction, phosphorylation.
2. Glycolysis
   • ATP - ATP Synthase
   • Glycolysis - activation, ATP production from Glycolysis, Metabolism of Pyruvate
   • Pentose Phosphate Pathway
3. Movement Through Membranes
   • Lipids and Fats
   • Membranes
   • Kinetics and Mechanisms of Transport - mediated and non-mediated transport, active transport
   • Ionophores
   • Aquaporins
4. Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation
   • Mitochondria
   • Electron Transport
   • Oxidative Phosphorylation
   • Citric Acid Cycle/Tricarboxylic Cycle
   • Controls of ATP Production
5. Sugar and Polysaccharide Metabolism
   • Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Oligosaccharides, Polysaccharides, Glycoproteins
   • Sucrose
   • Starches - Glycogen and Starch
   • Starch Biosynthesis - Transitory Starch in Chloroplasts, Sucrose and Starch Regulation
   • Carbohydrate Metabolism
   • Gluconeogenesis - The Glyoxylate Pathway
   • Cell Wall
6. Lipid Metabolism
   • Lipids
   • Fatty Acid Biosynthesis by Plastids - Saturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
   • Glycerolipid and Phospholipid Formation
   • Triacylglycerol (TAG) Formation
   • Fatty Acid Oxidation in the Peroxisomes/Glyoxysomes
   • Wound Sealing
7. Photosynthesis
   • Photosynthesis - Chloroplasts, Light Reactions
   • Dark Reactions - Carboxylation, Regeneration, the Calvin Cycle
   • Photorespiration - C4 Respiration
   • CAM
8. Nucleotide Metabolism
   • Nucleotides
   • Nitrogen Fixation
   • Assimilation of Ammonia into Amino Acids - Purines, Pyramidines
   • Formation of Deoxyribonucleotides
   • Nucleotide Degradation
9. Enzyme Activity
   • Enzymes
   • Enzyme Classification
   • Enzyme Kinetics
   • Enzyme Regulation
10. Reproductive Processes in Plants
    • Types of Plant Reproduction - Sexual and Asexual Reproduction
    • Gene Expression
    • What are Genes?
    • Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) and Protein Synthesis - Overview, Transcription, Translation
    • Eukaryotic DNA Replication - DNA Polymerases, Leading and Lagging Strains, Telomeres and Telomerase
11. Other Processes
    • Hormones
    • Growth Regulators - Auxins, Cytokinins, Giberellins, Ethylene
    • Other Hormones - Antiauxins, Growth Inhibiters, Growth Retardants, Growth Simulators, Defoliants, Unclassified Plant Growth Regulators
    • Use of Plant Hormones in Horticulture - Hormone Products

Each lesson culminates in an assignment which is submitted to the school, marked by the school's tutors and returned to you with any relevant suggestions, comments, and if necessary, extra reading.