Oil and Gas Reserves Evaluation - OGR

Introduction to rock mechanics and geomechanical principals; Basic mechanics: Stress and strain, elasticity - linear and non-linear effects, brittle and ductile rock behavior, poroelasticity, time-dependent-effects - consolidation and creep, normal and shear forces, hoop stresses, the Kirsch solution, 2-D and 3-D stress components, tensors, the stress ellipsoid, and basic rock failure (Mohr-Coulomb theory); Rock mechanical properties: Ability to bear stresses - compressive strength, tensile strength, deformation response to stresses - elastic moduli, Poisson's ratio; Pressure, stresses, and loads: Principal stresses, in-situ stress regime, total-stress and effective-stress, temperature effects, nature and origin of pore pressure; Geomechanics and structural geology: Faulting and folding, tectonics, regional structural analysis, regional and localized stress; Wellbore and field measurement of in-situ (earth) stresses: Stresses around boreholes, overburden stress, horizontal stresses, leakoff tests, mini-frac tests, formation testers, other pressure transient techniques, and tool deployment; Overview of common rock mechanics tests (lab demonstrations): unconfined compression, triaxial compression, hydrostatic compression, poly-axial, multi-stage triaxial, thick-walled cylinder, direct tensile strength, indirect (Brazilian) tensile strength, direct shear, uniaxial strain (compaction), and "quick look" (rock hardness) and "scratch" tests; Stress orientation techniques: Geological/mapping methods, wireline logging techniques, analastic strain recovery, differential strain curve analysis, acoustic anisotropy; Elastic, plastic, and viscous models of rock behavior: Deformation mechanisms and common models used in petroleum related rock mechanics; Borehole stability: Borehole stresses, wellbore placement, shale characterization, review of borehole stability models, high angle and horizontal drilling, pilot hole evaluation, multi-lateral wellbores, borehole breakouts, fluid-related instability, drilling through depleted zones and casing shoe decisions, stuck pipe, and case histories (software demonstration); Sand control: Review of sand production mechanisms, completion techniques in unstable formations, gravel pack design, special liners and screens, and case histories; Fracture mechanics: Naturally fractured reservoirs, hydraulic fracturing, stimulation options, and case history; Reservoir engineering applications: Compaction drive, reservoir compaction and compressibility, subsidence, casing shear, depletion and effective stress, and case history; Wireline log predicted mechanical properties: density logging, acoustic logging, Biot theory, dipole and multi-pole (dynamic) acoustic logging, seismic data and Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO), and shear- and compressional-wave anistropy (lab demonstration); Data integration

Overview of CO2 injection and process facilities; Heavy emphasis on CO2 for enhanced oil recovery; Physical and thermodynamic properties of CO2 and high CO2 mixtures; Materials selection and design consideration in CO2 systems; Process vessel specification; Pumps and compressors; Fluid flow; Dehydration of CO2 and CO2-rich gases; General overview of processes to treat/recover CO2

Conventional decline curve equations: exponential, hyperbolic and harmonic rate versus time and rate versus cumulative production relationships, selecting the proper equation based on reservoir properties and drive mechanisms; The effects of transient production: how to recognize transient production, how transient forecasts can overestimate remaining reserves, how to properly constrain transient forecasts; Forecasting during displacement processes: using trends like water-oil ratio and versus cumulative oil production to estimate ultimate oil recovery, converting these trends into an oil rate versus time forecast; Difficult situations: layered and compartmented reservoirs, downtime, workovers, changing facility conditions and facility constraints, forecasting groups of wells, common mistakes; Production decline type-curves: Introduction and historical background on production decline type-curve methods, how to use modern decline type-curves to determine reservoir properties during both transient and stabilized production, using type-curve methods for forecasting future production

Gas lift concepts and data; Inflow/Outflow; Nodal analysis; Equilibrium curves; Gas lift equipment and valve mechanics; Valve selection and calibration; Unloading; Mandrel spacing and step-by step, complete gas lift design for a well; Temperature effects on valves; Determine the Ptro; Orifice sizing techniques; Lift gas rates for best economics; Causes and solutions of instability; Gas lift surveillance and measurement; Analysis of flowing pressure gradient surveys; Analysis of GL surface charts and measurements; Gas allocation and field optimization; Use of computer programs for gas lift design, trouble-shooting and optimization

Introduction to rock mechanics and geomechanical principals; Basic mechanics: Stress and strain, elasticity - linear and non-linear effects, brittle and ductile rock behavior, poroelasticity, time-dependent-effects - consolidation and creep, normal and shear forces, hoop stresses, the Kirsch solution, 2-D and 3-D stress components, tensors, the stress ellipsoid, and basic rock failure (Mohr-Coulomb theory); Rock mechanical properties: Ability to bear stresses - compressive strength, tensile strength, deformation response to stresses - elastic moduli, Poisson's ratio; Pressure, stresses, and loads: Principal stresses, in-situ stress regime, total-stress and effective-stress, temperature effects, nature and origin of pore pressure; Geomechanics and structural geology: Faulting and folding, tectonics, regional structural analysis, regional and localized stress; Wellbore and field measurement of in-situ (earth) stresses: Stresses around boreholes, overburden stress, horizontal stresses, leakoff tests, mini-frac tests, formation testers, other pressure transient techniques, and tool deployment; Overview of common rock mechanics tests (lab demonstrations): unconfined compression, triaxial compression, hydrostatic compression, poly-axial, multi-stage triaxial, thick-walled cylinder, direct tensile strength, indirect (Brazilian) tensile strength, direct shear, uniaxial strain (compaction), and "quick look" (rock hardness) and "scratch" tests; Stress orientation techniques: Geological/mapping methods, wireline logging techniques, analastic strain recovery, differential strain curve analysis, acoustic anisotropy; Elastic, plastic, and viscous models of rock behavior: Deformation mechanisms and common models used in petroleum related rock mechanics; Borehole stability: Borehole stresses, wellbore placement, shale characterization, review of borehole stability models, high angle and horizontal drilling, pilot hole evaluation, multi-lateral wellbores, borehole breakouts, fluid-related instability, drilling through depleted zones and casing shoe decisions, stuck pipe, and case histories (software demonstration); Sand control: Review of sand production mechanisms, completion techniques in unstable formations, gravel pack design, special liners and screens, and case histories; Fracture mechanics: Naturally fractured reservoirs, hydraulic fracturing, stimulation options, and case history; Reservoir engineering applications: Compaction drive, reservoir compaction and compressibility, subsidence, casing shear, depletion and effective stress, and case history; Wireline log predicted mechanical properties: density logging, acoustic logging, Biot theory, dipole and multi-pole (dynamic) acoustic logging, seismic data and Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO), and shear- and compressional-wave anistropy (lab demonstration); Data integration

Overview of CO2 injection and process facilities; Heavy emphasis on CO2 for enhanced oil recovery; Physical and thermodynamic properties of CO2 and high CO2 mixtures; Materials selection and design consideration in CO2 systems; Process vessel specification; Pumps and compressors; Fluid flow; Dehydration of CO2 and CO2-rich gases; General overview of processes to treat/recover CO2

Conventional decline curve equations: exponential, hyperbolic and harmonic rate versus time and rate versus cumulative production relationships, selecting the proper equation based on reservoir properties and drive mechanisms; The effects of transient production: how to recognize transient production, how transient forecasts can overestimate remaining reserves, how to properly constrain transient forecasts; Forecasting during displacement processes: using trends like water-oil ratio and versus cumulative oil production to estimate ultimate oil recovery, converting these trends into an oil rate versus time forecast; Difficult situations: layered and compartmented reservoirs, downtime, workovers, changing facility conditions and facility constraints, forecasting groups of wells, common mistakes; Production decline type-curves: Introduction and historical background on production decline type-curve methods, how to use modern decline type-curves to determine reservoir properties during both transient and stabilized production, using type-curve methods for forecasting future production

Gas lift concepts and data; Inflow/Outflow; Nodal analysis; Equilibrium curves; Gas lift equipment and valve mechanics; Valve selection and calibration; Unloading; Mandrel spacing and step-by step, complete gas lift design for a well; Temperature effects on valves; Determine the Ptro; Orifice sizing techniques; Lift gas rates for best economics; Causes and solutions of instability; Gas lift surveillance and measurement; Analysis of flowing pressure gradient surveys; Analysis of GL surface charts and measurements; Gas allocation and field optimization; Use of computer programs for gas lift design, trouble-shooting and optimization

Introduction to rock mechanics and geomechanical principals; Basic mechanics: Stress and strain, elasticity - linear and non-linear effects, brittle and ductile rock behavior, poroelasticity, time-dependent-effects - consolidation and creep, normal and shear forces, hoop stresses, the Kirsch solution, 2-D and 3-D stress components, tensors, the stress ellipsoid, and basic rock failure (Mohr-Coulomb theory); Rock mechanical properties: Ability to bear stresses - compressive strength, tensile strength, deformation response to stresses - elastic moduli, Poisson's ratio; Pressure, stresses, and loads: Principal stresses, in-situ stress regime, total-stress and effective-stress, temperature effects, nature and origin of pore pressure; Geomechanics and structural geology: Faulting and folding, tectonics, regional structural analysis, regional and localized stress; Wellbore and field measurement of in-situ (earth) stresses: Stresses around boreholes, overburden stress, horizontal stresses, leakoff tests, mini-frac tests, formation testers, other pressure transient techniques, and tool deployment; Overview of common rock mechanics tests (lab demonstrations): unconfined compression, triaxial compression, hydrostatic compression, poly-axial, multi-stage triaxial, thick-walled cylinder, direct tensile strength, indirect (Brazilian) tensile strength, direct shear, uniaxial strain (compaction), and "quick look" (rock hardness) and "scratch" tests; Stress orientation techniques: Geological/mapping methods, wireline logging techniques, analastic strain recovery, differential strain curve analysis, acoustic anisotropy; Elastic, plastic, and viscous models of rock behavior: Deformation mechanisms and common models used in petroleum related rock mechanics; Borehole stability: Borehole stresses, wellbore placement, shale characterization, review of borehole stability models, high angle and horizontal drilling, pilot hole evaluation, multi-lateral wellbores, borehole breakouts, fluid-related instability, drilling through depleted zones and casing shoe decisions, stuck pipe, and case histories (software demonstration); Sand control: Review of sand production mechanisms, completion techniques in unstable formations, gravel pack design, special liners and screens, and case histories; Fracture mechanics: Naturally fractured reservoirs, hydraulic fracturing, stimulation options, and case history; Reservoir engineering applications: Compaction drive, reservoir compaction and compressibility, subsidence, casing shear, depletion and effective stress, and case history; Wireline log predicted mechanical properties: density logging, acoustic logging, Biot theory, dipole and multi-pole (dynamic) acoustic logging, seismic data and Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO), and shear- and compressional-wave anistropy (lab demonstration); Data integration

Overview of CO2 injection and process facilities; Heavy emphasis on CO2 for enhanced oil recovery; Physical and thermodynamic properties of CO2 and high CO2 mixtures; Materials selection and design consideration in CO2 systems; Process vessel specification; Pumps and compressors; Fluid flow; Dehydration of CO2 and CO2-rich gases; General overview of processes to treat/recover CO2

Conventional decline curve equations: exponential, hyperbolic and harmonic rate versus time and rate versus cumulative production relationships, selecting the proper equation based on reservoir properties and drive mechanisms; The effects of transient production: how to recognize transient production, how transient forecasts can overestimate remaining reserves, how to properly constrain transient forecasts; Forecasting during displacement processes: using trends like water-oil ratio and versus cumulative oil production to estimate ultimate oil recovery, converting these trends into an oil rate versus time forecast; Difficult situations: layered and compartmented reservoirs, downtime, workovers, changing facility conditions and facility constraints, forecasting groups of wells, common mistakes; Production decline type-curves: Introduction and historical background on production decline type-curve methods, how to use modern decline type-curves to determine reservoir properties during both transient and stabilized production, using type-curve methods for forecasting future production

Gas lift concepts and data; Inflow/Outflow; Nodal analysis; Equilibrium curves; Gas lift equipment and valve mechanics; Valve selection and calibration; Unloading; Mandrel spacing and step-by step, complete gas lift design for a well; Temperature effects on valves; Determine the Ptro; Orifice sizing techniques; Lift gas rates for best economics; Causes and solutions of instability; Gas lift surveillance and measurement; Analysis of flowing pressure gradient surveys; Analysis of GL surface charts and measurements; Gas allocation and field optimization; Use of computer programs for gas lift design, trouble-shooting and optimization

Introduction to rock mechanics and geomechanical principals; Basic mechanics: Stress and strain, elasticity - linear and non-linear effects, brittle and ductile rock behavior, poroelasticity, time-dependent-effects - consolidation and creep, normal and shear forces, hoop stresses, the Kirsch solution, 2-D and 3-D stress components, tensors, the stress ellipsoid, and basic rock failure (Mohr-Coulomb theory); Rock mechanical properties: Ability to bear stresses - compressive strength, tensile strength, deformation response to stresses - elastic moduli, Poisson's ratio; Pressure, stresses, and loads: Principal stresses, in-situ stress regime, total-stress and effective-stress, temperature effects, nature and origin of pore pressure; Geomechanics and structural geology: Faulting and folding, tectonics, regional structural analysis, regional and localized stress; Wellbore and field measurement of in-situ (earth) stresses: Stresses around boreholes, overburden stress, horizontal stresses, leakoff tests, mini-frac tests, formation testers, other pressure transient techniques, and tool deployment; Overview of common rock mechanics tests (lab demonstrations): unconfined compression, triaxial compression, hydrostatic compression, poly-axial, multi-stage triaxial, thick-walled cylinder, direct tensile strength, indirect (Brazilian) tensile strength, direct shear, uniaxial strain (compaction), and "quick look" (rock hardness) and "scratch" tests; Stress orientation techniques: Geological/mapping methods, wireline logging techniques, analastic strain recovery, differential strain curve analysis, acoustic anisotropy; Elastic, plastic, and viscous models of rock behavior: Deformation mechanisms and common models used in petroleum related rock mechanics; Borehole stability: Borehole stresses, wellbore placement, shale characterization, review of borehole stability models, high angle and horizontal drilling, pilot hole evaluation, multi-lateral wellbores, borehole breakouts, fluid-related instability, drilling through depleted zones and casing shoe decisions, stuck pipe, and case histories (software demonstration); Sand control: Review of sand production mechanisms, completion techniques in unstable formations, gravel pack design, special liners and screens, and case histories; Fracture mechanics: Naturally fractured reservoirs, hydraulic fracturing, stimulation options, and case history; Reservoir engineering applications: Compaction drive, reservoir compaction and compressibility, subsidence, casing shear, depletion and effective stress, and case history; Wireline log predicted mechanical properties: density logging, acoustic logging, Biot theory, dipole and multi-pole (dynamic) acoustic logging, seismic data and Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO), and shear- and compressional-wave anistropy (lab demonstration); Data integration

Overview of CO2 injection and process facilities; Heavy emphasis on CO2 for enhanced oil recovery; Physical and thermodynamic properties of CO2 and high CO2 mixtures; Materials selection and design consideration in CO2 systems; Process vessel specification; Pumps and compressors; Fluid flow; Dehydration of CO2 and CO2-rich gases; General overview of processes to treat/recover CO2

Conventional decline curve equations: exponential, hyperbolic and harmonic rate versus time and rate versus cumulative production relationships, selecting the proper equation based on reservoir properties and drive mechanisms; The effects of transient production: how to recognize transient production, how transient forecasts can overestimate remaining reserves, how to properly constrain transient forecasts; Forecasting during displacement processes: using trends like water-oil ratio and versus cumulative oil production to estimate ultimate oil recovery, converting these trends into an oil rate versus time forecast; Difficult situations: layered and compartmented reservoirs, downtime, workovers, changing facility conditions and facility constraints, forecasting groups of wells, common mistakes; Production decline type-curves: Introduction and historical background on production decline type-curve methods, how to use modern decline type-curves to determine reservoir properties during both transient and stabilized production, using type-curve methods for forecasting future production

Gas lift concepts and data; Inflow/Outflow; Nodal analysis; Equilibrium curves; Gas lift equipment and valve mechanics; Valve selection and calibration; Unloading; Mandrel spacing and step-by step, complete gas lift design for a well; Temperature effects on valves; Determine the Ptro; Orifice sizing techniques; Lift gas rates for best economics; Causes and solutions of instability;...