Programming in C for Beginners

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1. Introduction to C programming

Introduction C Compiler or C Interpreter

Structure of a C program

Header files

Uses of C

Steps for C Development Cycle

First C Program

Exercise 1:1: Simple C program

2. Elements of C language

Introduction

C Character Set

Identifiers and Keywords

Data Types

Exercise 2:1: Use of type int Constants

Exercise 2:2: Use of constants

Exercise 2:3: Use of Character contants Symbolic Constants

Exercise 2:4: Use of #define directive Variables Variable Declarations

Exercise 2:5: Use of type declaration Library functions

Exercise 2:6: Use of Mathematical Functions: <math.h>

Exercise 2:7: Use of Mathematical Functions: <math.h>

Exercise 2:8: Use of String Functions

Exercise 2:9: Use of character class test functions Escape sequences

3. Operators

Introduction

Statements

Expressions

Arithmetic Operator

Example 3:1: Use of increment operators

Exercise 3:2: Use of decrement operators

Unary operators

Relational operators

Logical Operators

Assignment Operator

Exercise 3:3: Use of assignment operator

Exercise 3:4: Use of arithmetic and assignment operator

Conditional Operator

Exercise 3:5: Use of Conditional operator

Bitwise Operators

Exercise 3:6: Use of Bitwise operator

Operator Precedence

Exercise 3:7: Use of order of evaluation

Type Conversions

Exercise 3:8: Use type conversion

Exercise 3:9: Use of type conversion

4. Control Structures

Introduction If – else Statements

Exercise 4:1: Use of if-else

Exercise 4:2: Use of if (expression) statement1 else statement2

If else if else

Exercise 4:3: Use of if else if

Switch Statement

Exercise 4:4: Use of Switch statement

If statement v/s Switch statement

While Statements

Exercise 4:5: Use of While

Do- While

Exercise 4:6: Use of do-while

Exercise 4:7: Use of do-while For statement

Exercise 4:8: Use of for

Jump Statements

Exercise 4:9: Use of ‘continue’ statement

Return Statement

Goto statement

Exercise 4:10: Use of ‘goto’ statement

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5. Arrays

Introduction

Array Initialization

Declaration

Single-dimensional Arrays

Exercise 5:1:Use of arrays

Exercise 5:2: Use of Array

Multidimensional Arrays

Exercise 5:3: Use of multidimentional arrays

Arrays and Strings

Exercise 5:4: Use of array and string

Exercise 5:5: Use of Array and String

6. Data Input and Output & Functions

Introduction to Data Input and Output

getchar and putchar

Exercise 6:1: Use of getchar and putchar

Exercise 6:2: Use of getchar and putchar gets and puts

Exercise 6:3: Use of get functions scanf and printf

Exercise 6:4: Use of scanf and printf

Functions

Function declaration

Writing a Function

Calling a function

Exercise 6:5: Use of Calling a function

Recursion

Exercise 6:6: Use of Recursion

Storage class

Automatic or Local Variables

External variables or Global Variables

Exercise 6:7: Use of external variable

Static Variables

Example 6:8: Use of Static variable

Register Variables

Scope and Lifespan of Variables

Exercise 6:9: Use of scope and lifespan of variable

7. Pointers, Structures and Unions

Introduction

Pointer declaration

Initializing Pointers

Pointers and Function Arguments

Exercise 7:1: Use of pointers as function parameters

Pointers to Functions

Exercise 7:2: Use of pointers to function

Pointers and Arrays

Exercise 7:3: Use of pointers and array

Exercise 7:4: Pointers in one-dimensional array

Arrays of pointers

Exercise 7:5: Illustration of pointers and Arrays

Dynamic Memory Allocation

Exercise 7:6: Use of ‘malloc’ function

Introduction to Structures

Structure initialization

User defined Data Type (typedef)

Exercise 7:7: Use of typedef

Exercise 7:8: Use of typedef

Introduction to Unions

Exercise 7:9: Usage of Union

Exercise 7:10: Use of union

8. Datafiles

Introduction

Opening files

Closing files

Using files

Unformatted data files

Exercise 8:1: Read from file and print

C Preprocessor

Exercise 8:2: Use of #define

Exercise 8:3: Use of #define

Exercise 8:4: Use of #define isleap

Enumerations

Exercise 8:5: Use of enum

Exercise 8:6: Use of enum