Public prosecutor course

The public prosecutor (abbreviated pm) is an organ of the judicial administration of a state, divided into several offices and mainly responsible for carrying out criminal proceedings. The public prosecutor is present in all of today's legal systems, even if his status and organization can vary considerably from one to the other. In particular, there is a clear difference between civil law and common law systems. In civil law systems, public prosecutors are usually referred to as "prosecutors of the republic", "of the state", "of the king" or similar. [1] They are arranged in a hierarchy with a territorial articulation that usually reflects that of the judicial offices. Senior officials are frequently given the title of "Attorney General". Some legal systems provide that for crimes of lesser importance the functions of public prosecutor are carried out by police officers or honorary magistrates. In certain civil law systems, including Italy and France, the officials of the public prosecutor are members of the judiciary and therefore belong to the same order, and exercise both a prosecutor and a judicial function. The fact that they belong to the same body does not imply that they enjoy the same guarantees of independence as are assured to the latter; on the contrary, the case of Italy, where judges and magistrates of the public prosecutor enjoy almost equivalent guarantees, is to be considered exceptional,