Surface Production Operations - PO3

Introduction to rock mechanics and geomechanical principals; Basic mechanics: Stress and strain, elasticity - linear and non-linear effects, brittle and ductile rock behavior, poroelasticity, time-dependent-effects - consolidation and creep, normal and shear forces, hoop stresses, the Kirsch solution, 2-D and 3-D stress components, tensors, the stress ellipsoid, and basic rock failure (Mohr-Coulomb theory); Rock mechanical properties: Ability to bear stresses - compressive strength, tensile strength, deformation response to stresses - elastic moduli, Poisson's ratio; Pressure, stresses, and loads: Principal stresses, in-situ stress regime, total-stress and effective-stress, temperature effects, nature and origin of pore pressure; Geomechanics and structural geology: Faulting and folding, tectonics, regional structural analysis, regional and localized stress; Wellbore and field measurement of in-situ (earth) stresses: Stresses around boreholes, overburden stress, horizontal stresses, leakoff tests, mini-frac tests, formation testers, other pressure transient techniques, and tool deployment; Overview of common rock mechanics tests (lab demonstrations): unconfined compression, triaxial compression, hydrostatic compression, poly-axial, multi-stage triaxial, thick-walled cylinder, direct tensile strength, indirect (Brazilian) tensile strength, direct shear, uniaxial strain (compaction), and "quick look" (rock hardness) and "scratch" tests; Stress orientation techniques: Geological/mapping methods, wireline logging techniques, analastic strain recovery, differential strain curve analysis, acoustic anisotropy; Elastic, plastic, and viscous models of rock behavior: Deformation mechanisms and common models used in petroleum related rock mechanics; Borehole stability: Borehole stresses, wellbore placement, shale characterization, review of borehole stability models, high angle and horizontal drilling, pilot hole evaluation, multi-lateral wellbores, borehole breakouts, fluid-related instability, drilling through depleted zones and casing shoe decisions, stuck pipe, and case histories (software demonstration); Sand control: Review of sand production mechanisms, completion techniques in unstable formations, gravel pack design, special liners and screens, and case histories; Fracture mechanics: Naturally fractured reservoirs, hydraulic fracturing, stimulation options, and case history; Reservoir engineering applications: Compaction drive, reservoir compaction and compressibility, subsidence, casing shear, depletion and effective stress, and case history; Wireline log predicted mechanical properties: density logging, acoustic logging, Biot theory, dipole and multi-pole (dynamic) acoustic logging, seismic data and Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO), and shear- and compressional-wave anistropy (lab demonstration); Data integration

Overview of artificial lift technology; Criteria for selection of artificial lift system; Reservoir performance: inflow and outflow relationships; Artificial lift screening; Introduction to rod-pumping, gas lift, and ESP systems; Rod-pump design: pumping unit, rods, pump, prime movers, gas anchor, pump-off controls; Gas lift design: mandrels, valves, injection gas requirements, temperature, chokes, spacing, equilibrium curve, continuous flow design; ESP design: pump performance curves, pump intake curves, typical problems, installation, troubleshooting; Best practices for installation and maintenance; Economic analysis

Reservoir fluid properties; Coring practices and rock properties; Fundamentals of fluid flow; Reservoir fluid distribution; Reservoir classification; Reservoir drive mechanisms; Oil and gas well performance; Pressure buildup analysis; Oil displacement concepts; Estimation of oil-in-place and gas-in-place; Recovery techniques

Develop essential technical writing skills to convey a convincing message; Compose clear messages using a structured writing approach; Adapt your writing style to your audience's needs; Edit at the word level to improve persuasiveness and impact; Write precise and concise memos, letters, summaries, and reports; How to best display visual information; Create informative content using lists, bullets, and short paragraphs as the primary writing mode

Law governing international petroleum transactions (including significant differences between various national legal systems, and the sources, principles and limits of international law as applied to petroleum transactions); Interpretation and enforcement of treaties and private contracts; Effects of international trade (and producing country) agreements such as the E.U., NAFTA, Mercosur, and OPEC; Dispute resolution approaches, including litigation and arbitration; Procedures under and enforcement of common arbitration provisions; Legal defenses available to foreign companies, states, and state-owned or connected entities, and recognition and enforcement of judgments and arbitration awards; Basic legal concepts of ownership of mineral rights (onshore, offshore, and deep sea bed); Expropriation and compensation issues; State-owned entities and privatization; Laws bearing on development rights; Legal interpretational issues of common contract provisions Interpretational issues for service contracts; Transfer and protection of technology and confidential business information; Operating agreements and unitized operations; Environmental protection laws; Criminal and civil liability for oil spills Indemnification and guaranty issues; Bribery laws; Marketing and transportation; Petroleum futures

Gas Processing Systems; Physical Properties of Hydrocarbons; Qualitative Phase Behavior; Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium; Water-Hydrocarbon Behavior; Basic Thermodynamic Concepts and System Energy Changes; Relief and Flare Systems; Fluid Hydraulics; Separators; Heat Transfer; Pumps; Compressors; Refrigeration / NGL Extraction; Fractionation / Distillation; Glycol Dehydration; Adsorption Dehydration; Sour Gas Treating and Sulfur Recovery

How much trouble can coordinate errors cause (with case studies); Key geomatics/geodesy definitions; Geospatial reference surfaces; Geodetic datums, coordinate reference systems and transformations; Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) including GPS; Map projection methods; What is "North"; Effects of different linear units; Vertical datums, geoidal models, vertical CRS and transformations; Google earth and associated geospatial data issues; Geospatial metadata: What is it and how can it be made part of the normal workflow process; Recap and course references

Basic statistical principles; Spatial modeling; Structural modeling; Estimation of properties at well locations; Conditional simulation; Facies/rock type modeling; Petrophysical properties simulation; Ranking of realizations; Construction of simulator input model; History matching; Future predictions and quantification of uncertainty

Petroleum geology and its systems; Operations geology: prospect to well planning, provision of geological services; Wellsite geology: geological sampling, sample analysis and well stratigraphy, cutting and core description; Structural geology: fractures, faults, borehole geology; Drilling Operations: bits, fluids, casing and cement, drilling problems and well control, directional drilling, geosteering; Logging operations: acquisition, tools, quick look interpretation, MWD/LWD, geosteering; Well testing & fluids: reservoir properties, rock and fluid interaction, permeability, averaging, data gathering and interpretation; Impact on FDP: case histories; Tendering and contracting; Reporting: geological data, petrophysical data, pressure data; Exercises: cores, cuttings, quick look, pressures, daily drilling report

General Overview of Nodal Analysis: Supply/Demand analogies, natural balance and stable/unstable equilibrium concepts, diminishing returns, independent/dependent subsystems, converging/diverging flows; Inflow Performance: Reservoir performance basics, Darcy, Jones and Ramey turbulence parameters, empirical models of Vogel and Fetkovich, the benefits and drawbacks of well-test and C&N values, appropriate models for differing well descriptions, rigorous multi-layer IPR curves including crossflow effects; Completion Performance: Completion modeling basics, perforation and gravel pack pressure drop, linear and radial flow patterns through gravel packs, the pressure drop in a gravel-filled wellbore, optimal perforation density, the rate reduction caused by a partial completion; Tubing Performance: Wellbore related pressure drops and dynamics, videotapes of vertical and horizontal flow patterns, diverging and converging flow dynamics, route preference, production logging physics in deviated/horizontal wellbores, wellbore slugging and pressure behavior in vertical, deviated, and horizontal wellbores, friction drop through restrictions and undulating horizontal sections, sonic flow and minimum lifting rates concepts, unloading techniques and examples; Flowline Performance: Panhandle, C&S, Dukler pressure drop models, identifying bottlenecks in a gathering network, line loops and jumpers, circular/parallel/layered gathering systems; Future performance: Integrating reservoir performance, development planning, and market constraints into field forecasts, optimizing capital investments when juggling new well, re-completion, compressor, artificial lift, and flowline options; Artificial Lift: Advanced Gas lift design and troubleshooting, electric submersible pump fundamentals, jet pumps, and sucker rod pumping basics; Other: Designing dynamic kills (video tapes of kill operations), liquid content in gas streams, why there is no such thing as a "dry" gas well, identifying loaded wells, predicting wellbore temperatures and why publicly available bottomhole pressure data is almost always lower than reality

Introduction to rock mechanics and geomechanical principals; Basic mechanics: Stress and strain, elasticity - linear and non-linear effects, brittle and ductile rock behavior, poroelasticity, time-dependent-effects - consolidation and creep, normal and shear forces, hoop stresses, the Kirsch solution, 2-D and 3-D stress components, tensors, the stress ellipsoid, and basic rock failure (Mohr-Coulomb theory); Rock mechanical properties: Ability to bear stresses - compressive strength, tensile strength, deformation response to stresses - elastic moduli, Poisson's ratio; Pressure, stresses, and loads: Principal stresses, in-situ stress regime, total-stress and effective-stress, temperature effects, nature and origin of pore pressure; Geomechanics and structural geology: Faulting and folding, tectonics, regional structural analysis, regional and localized stress; Wellbore and field measurement of in-situ (earth) stresses: Stresses around boreholes, overburden stress, horizontal stresses, leakoff tests, mini-frac tests, formation testers, other pressure transient techniques, and tool deployment; Overview of common rock mechanics tests (lab demonstrations): unconfined compression, triaxial compression, hydrostatic compression, poly-axial, multi-stage triaxial, thick-walled cylinder, direct tensile strength, indirect (Brazilian) tensile strength, direct shear, uniaxial strain (compaction), and "quick look" (rock hardness) and "scratch" tests; Stress orientation techniques: Geological/mapping methods, wireline logging techniques, analastic strain recovery, differential strain curve analysis, acoustic anisotropy; Elastic, plastic, and viscous models of rock behavior: Deformation mechanisms and common models used in petroleum related rock mechanics; Borehole stability: Borehole stresses, wellbore placement, shale characterization, review of borehole stability models, high angle and horizontal drilling, pilot hole evaluation, multi-lateral wellbores, borehole breakouts, fluid-related instability, drilling through depleted zones and casing shoe decisions, stuck pipe, and case histories (software demonstration); Sand control: Review of sand production mechanisms, completion techniques in unstable formations, gravel pack design, special liners and screens, and case histories; Fracture mechanics: Naturally fractured reservoirs, hydraulic fracturing, stimulation options, and case history; Reservoir engineering applications: Compaction drive, reservoir compaction and compressibility, subsidence, casing shear, depletion and effective stress, and case history; Wireline log predicted mechanical properties: density logging, acoustic logging, Biot theory, dipole and multi-pole (dynamic) acoustic logging, seismic data and Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO), and shear- and compressional-wave anistropy (lab demonstration); Data integration

Overview of artificial lift technology; Criteria for selection of artificial lift system; Reservoir performance: inflow and outflow relationships; Artificial lift screening; Introduction to rod-pumping, gas lift, and ESP systems; Rod-pump design: pumping unit, rods, pump, prime movers, gas anchor, pump-off controls; Gas lift design: mandrels, valves, injection gas requirements, temperature, chokes, spacing, equilibrium curve, continuous flow design; ESP design: pump performance curves, pump intake curves, typical problems, installation, troubleshooting; Best practices for installation and maintenance; Economic analysis

Reservoir fluid properties; Coring practices and rock properties; Fundamentals of fluid flow; Reservoir fluid distribution; Reservoir classification; Reservoir drive mechanisms; Oil and gas well performance; Pressure buildup analysis; Oil displacement concepts; Estimation of oil-in-place and gas-in-place; Recovery techniques

Develop essential technical writing skills to convey a convincing message; Compose clear messages using a structured writing approach; Adapt your writing style to your audience's needs; Edit at the word level to improve persuasiveness and impact; Write precise and concise memos, letters, summaries, and reports; How to best display visual information; Create informative content using lists, bullets, and short paragraphs as the primary writing mode

Law governing international petroleum transactions (including significant differences between various national legal systems, and the sources, principles and limits of international law as applied to petroleum transactions); Interpretation and enforcement of treaties and private contracts; Effects of international trade (and producing country) agreements such as the E.U., NAFTA, Mercosur, and OPEC; Dispute resolution approaches, including litigation and arbitration; Procedures under and enforcement of common arbitration provisions; Legal defenses available to foreign companies, states, and state-owned or connected entities, and recognition and enforcement of judgments and arbitration awards; Basic legal concepts of ownership of mineral rights (onshore, offshore, and deep sea bed); Expropriation and compensation issues; State-owned entities and privatization; Laws bearing on development rights; Legal interpretational issues of common contract provisions Interpretational issues for service contracts; Transfer and protection of technology and confidential business information; Operating agreements and unitized operations; Environmental protection laws; Criminal and civil liability for oil spills Indemnification and guaranty issues; Bribery laws; Marketing and transportation; Petroleum futures

Gas Processing Systems; Physical Properties of Hydrocarbons; Qualitative Phase Behavior; Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium; Water-Hydrocarbon Behavior; Basic Thermodynamic Concepts and System Energy Changes; Relief and Flare Systems; Fluid Hydraulics; Separators; Heat Transfer; Pumps; Compressors; Refrigeration / NGL Extraction; Fractionation / Distillation; Glycol Dehydration; Adsorption Dehydration; Sour Gas Treating and Sulfur Recovery

How much trouble can coordinate errors cause (with case studies); Key geomatics/geodesy definitions; Geospatial reference surfaces; Geodetic datums, coordinate reference systems and transformations; Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) including GPS; Map projection methods; What is "North"; Effects of different linear units; Vertical datums, geoidal models, vertical CRS and transformations; Google earth and associated geospatial data issues; Geospatial metadata: What is it and how can it be made part of the normal workflow process; Recap and course references

Basic statistical principles; Spatial modeling; Structural modeling; Estimation of properties at well locations; Conditional simulation; Facies/rock type modeling; Petrophysical properties simulation; Ranking of realizations; Construction of simulator input model; History matching; Future predictions and quantification of uncertainty

Petroleum geology and its systems; Operations geology: prospect to well planning, provision of geological services; Wellsite geology: geological sampling, sample analysis and well stratigraphy, cutting and core description; Structural geology: fractures, faults, borehole geology; Drilling Operations: bits, fluids, casing and cement, drilling problems and well control, directional drilling, geosteering; Logging operations: acquisition, tools, quick look interpretation, MWD/LWD, geosteering; Well testing & fluids: reservoir properties, rock and fluid interaction, permeability, averaging, data gathering and interpretation; Impact on FDP: case histories; Tendering and contracting; Reporting: geological data, petrophysical data, pressure data; Exercises: cores, cuttings, quick look, pressures, daily drilling report

General Overview of Nodal Analysis: Supply/Demand analogies, natural balance and stable/unstable equilibrium concepts, diminishing returns, independent/dependent subsystems, converging/diverging flows; Inflow Performance: Reservoir performance basics, Darcy, Jones and Ramey turbulence parameters, empirical models of Vogel and Fetkovich, the benefits and drawbacks of well-test and C&N values, appropriate models for differing well descriptions, rigorous multi-layer IPR curves including crossflow effects; Completion Performance: Completion modeling basics, perforation and gravel pack pressure drop, linear and radial flow patterns through gravel packs, the pressure drop in a gravel-filled wellbore, optimal perforation density, the rate reduction caused by a partial completion; Tubing Performance: Wellbore related pressure drops and dynamics, videotapes of vertical and horizontal flow patterns, diverging and converging flow dynamics, route preference, production logging physics in deviated/horizontal wellbores, wellbore slugging and pressure behavior in vertical, deviated, and horizontal wellbores, friction drop through restrictions and undulating horizontal sections, sonic flow and minimum lifting rates concepts, unloading techniques and examples; Flowline Performance: Panhandle, C&S, Dukler pressure drop models, identifying bottlenecks in a gathering network, line loops and jumpers, circular/parallel/layered gathering systems; Future performance: Integrating reservoir performance, development planning, and market constraints into field forecasts, optimizing capital investments when juggling new well, re-completion, compressor, artificial lift, and flowline options; Artificial Lift: Advanced Gas lift design and troubleshooting, electric submersible pump fundamentals, jet pumps, and sucker rod pumping basics; Other: Designing dynamic kills (video tapes of kill operations), liquid content in gas streams, why there is no such thing as a "dry" gas well, identifying loaded wells, predicting wellbore...