Ancient Rome and its encounters with Celtic Britain

We will be concentrating on the period from 55 BC to AD 43 when Rome had a great interest in Britain but had not successfully incorporated it into the Empire. We will look at the reasons why Julius Caesar wanted to invade and the details of his two invasions in 55 and 54 BC. The relationship between Britain and Rome was a complex one with the British rulers trying to remain independent but on friendly terms with the Romans. Planned invasions in 34, 27 and 25 BC and again in AD 40 came to nothing but there must have been close contact as a number of Roman goods appeared in Britain. We will look at the reasons for Claudius’s invasion in AD 43 and how he achieved the conquest despite fierce resistance led by Caractacus. We will also examine the relationship between Britain and Rome during the four centuries of occupation with reference to Boudicca’s rebellion, Agricola’s abortive attempt to incorporate Scotland, the decision by Hadrian and Antoninus to build walls at the northern frontier, the importance of Britain to Septimius Severus and Constantine and their families in their bids to become or remain emperor, the various usurpers in the C3rd and C4th and why the Romans ultimately abandoned Britain, leaving the old Celtic aristocracy to try to organise defences.