Safety and Selectivity in the Scale-Up of Chemical Reactions
Course
In Savannah (USA) and Florence (Italy)
Description
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Type
Course
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Location
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Duration
2 Days
The aim of the course is to give lab chemists an understanding of the issues that need to be considered during the early stages of scale up to large laboratory scale equipment (10-20 litre vessels) / kilo lab. The course will concentrate on chemical safety and selectivity issues and include information on what safety testing equipment is available and the uses and limitations of this equipment. Attendees will learn how to identify potential problems whether they be thermal hazards or selectivity issues. Suitable for: Any Laboratory Chemist involved in the scale-up to large scale equipment/kilo lab.
Facilities
Location
Start date
Start date
Start date
Reviews
Teachers and trainers (1)
Dr Will Watson
Scientific Update
Will Watson gained his PhD in Organic Chemistry from the University of Leeds in 1980. He joined the BP Research Centre at Sunbury-on-Thames and spent five and a half years working as a research chemist on a variety of topics including catalytic dewaxing, residue upgrading, synthesis of novel oxygenates for use as gasoline supplements, surfactants for use as gasoline detergent additives and non-linear optical compounds. ...
Course programme
Introduction
The aim of the course is to give lab chemists an understanding of the issues that need to be considered during the early stages of scale up to large laboratory scale equipment (10-20 litre vessels) / kilo lab. The course will concentrate on chemical safety and selectivity issues and include information on what safety testing equipment is available and the uses and limitations of this equipment. Attendees will learn how to identify potential problems whether they be thermal hazards or selectivity issues. Methods used by other companies for handling hazardous reagents and reactions will be described as well as alternative chemistry to circumvent these reactions and/or reagents.
Course Outline
Introduction
a) The safety literature
b) Functional groups which can cause problems on scale up
Improving safety and selectivity in chemical reactions
a) Inherent safety, choosing the right synthetic route
b) Reaction criticality classes (Stoessel diagrams)
c) Solvent selection
d) Choosing the right reagent
e) Catalysis - the plusses and minuses
f) Choosing the right reaction conditions, the effect of concentration
Thermal Hazard Testing and Runaway Reactions
a) Introduction and overview of safety issues in the chemical industry
b) Heat loss considerations
c) Desk screening - unstable groups, Oxygen balance equation etc
d) Principles of hazard testing - equipment and uses
e) Effect of changes to reaction variables
Solvent Selection and Solvent Effects
a) Reasons for choosing a solvent
b) The effect of solvents on chemical reactions
c) Useful solvent parameters
d) Phase transfer catalysis
e) Water as a solvent
f) Solvent free reactions
g) Alternative solvents - supercritical fluids, ionic liquids, fluorous solvents
Oxidation and Reduction
a) Choice of reagent(s)
b) Stoichiometric versus catalytic
c) Reagent stability
d) Safety issues
Hazardous Reactions and Reagents
a) Azides
b) Making triazoles and tetrazoles
c) Diazo compounds, including diazomethane
d) Petasis methylenation
e) Grignard Reagents and Organolithiums
f) Use of cyanide
Work Up
a) Quenching reactions
b) Minimising work up - Telescoping
c) Catalyst removal
d) Product isolation
Scaling up Chemical reactions
a) What can go wrong - it's not what you do but the way that you do it
b) Heat transfer areas
c) Importance of dose control and in process analysis
d) Reactions with initiation periods
e) Simple do's and don't's
f) Flammability issues
Case studies
a) Grignard reaction
b) Azide chemistry
c) Oxidation and reduction
Additional information
Safety and Selectivity in the Scale-Up of Chemical Reactions